The estrogen and progesterone receptors which are bound to the cytoplasmic protein of cancer cells were measured in 20 patients with the early breast cancer by means of radioimmunoassay using charcoal. 1) The patients with estrogen receptor positive were 13(65%) of 20 cases and with progestrone receptor positive were 7 cases(35%) in the early breast cancer. 2) Coexistence of estrogen and progesterone receptor positive was noted in 7 cases(35%). The cases of estrogen receptor positive and progesterone receptor negative were 6 cases(33.3%), while there were no cases of estrogen receptor negative with progesterone receptor positive. 3) Coincidence of estrogen and progesterone negative was notied in 7 cases(35%). Conclusively it is considered that the measurement of estrogen and progesterone receptors has relevance as predictive value, in the response to hormonal manipulations and chemotherapy for breast cancer patients.